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The original Sanskrit verses and
(word for word translated) of the
Mahâbhârata, Bhîshma Parva ch. 23-40.

with comments taken from the writings of



 

 

 

 

'Hastasya Bhooshanam Daanam
Satyam Kanttasya Bhooshanam'

Charity is the ornament for the hand,
Truth is the ornament for the throat.

 

1 2a 2b 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18a 18b

 

Chapter 7
The Yoga of Wisdom
'About knowing and realizing oneself'
'Vijñâna Yoga'
 

 

 

  

   " Listen to this spoken chapter in Audio "

 

Verse 1.

s'rî bhagavân uvâca
mayy âsakta-manâh pârtha
yogam yuñjan mad-âs'rayah
asams'ayam samagram mâm
yathâ jñâsyasi tac chrinu

s'rî-bhagavân uvâca -- the Supreme Lord said; mayi -- to Me; âsakta-manâh -- mind attached; pârtha -- o son of Prithâ; yogam -- self-realization; yuñjan -- practicing; mat-âs'rayah -- in consciousness of Me (Krishna consciousness); asams'ayam -- without doubt; samagram -- completely; mâm -- Me; yathâ -- how; jñâsyasi -- you can know; tat -- that; s'rinu -- try to hear.

Verse 2.

jnânam te 'ham sa-vijnânam
idam vaksyâmy as'esatah
yaj jñâtvâ neha bhûyo 'nyaj
jñâtavyam avas'isyate

jñânam -- phenomenal knowledge; te -- unto you; aham -- I; sa -- with; vijñânam -- numinous knowledge; idam -- this; vaksyâmi -- shall explain; as'eshatah -- in full; yat -- which; jñâtvâ -- knowing; na -- not; iha -- in this world; bhûyah -- further; anyat -- anything more; jñâtavyam -- knowable; avas'isyate -- remains.

      Dhyana Yoga and Jñâna Yoga are both inner disciplines; they are based on s'raddhâ (belief; finding sympathy to engage in the sphere of devotional service; trust) and bhakti. Without these two, they are both unattainable; the pursuit itself is vain. A sadhaka deprived of them is as a wooden doll, lifeless, unaware of the goal. The basic requisite is deep-rooted prema towards the Lord. How can you get this? By getting to know the glory, the splendor, the nature and characteristics of the Lord. His sva-bhâva (essence, reality, truth) (bhâva: affection and love) and sva-rûpa (form, true nature of being, essential nature). That is why I am now instructing you about these. I am imparting to you fully the wisdom of the s'âstras, supplemented by the wisdom of inner experience. Know that there is nothing further for you to know. - Gîtâ Vahini, pp. 92-3

      In thousands of aspirants, there are few who strive to acquire this perfection, and of those who strive and succeed, scarcely one knows Me in reality.

Of the thousands of aspirants, there are few who strive to acquire this jñâna. And, of these, only some single individuals achieve success. All who start do not reach the goal. - Gîtâ Vahini, pp. 92

Verse 3.

manushyânâm sahasreshu
kas'cid yatati siddhaye
yatatâm api siddhânâm
kas'cin mâm vetti tattvatah

manushyânâm -- of men; sahasreshu -- out of many thousands; kas'cit -- someone; yatati -- endeavors; siddhaye -- for perfection; yatatâm -- of those so endeavoring; api -- indeed; siddhânâm -- of those who have achieved perfection; kas'cit -- someone; mâm -- Me; vetti -- does know; tattvatah -- in fact.

Verse 4.

bhûmir âpo 'nalo vâyuh
kham mano buddhir eva ca
ahankâra itiyam me
bhinnâ prakriitir ashthadhâ

bhûmih -- earth; âpah -- water; analah -- fire; vâyuh -- air; kham -- ether; manah -- mind; buddhih -- intelligence; eva -- certainly; ca -- and; ahankârah -- false ego; iti -- thus; iyam -- all these; me -- My; bhinnâ -- separated; prakriitih -- energies; ashthadhâ -- eightfold.

Verse 5.

apareyam itas tv anyâm
prakritim viddhi me parâm
jîva-bhûtâm mahâ-bâho
yayedam dhâryate jagat

aparâ -- inferior; iyam -- this; itah -- besides this; tu -- but; anyâm -- another; prakritim -- energy; viddhi -- just try to understand; me -- My; parâm -- superior; jîva-bhûtâm -- comprising the living entities; mahâ-bâho -- o mighty-armed one; yayâ -- by whom; idam -- this; dhâryate -- is utilized or exploited; jagat -- the material world.

      The five elements, manas (feeling, mind), buddhi (intellect) and ahamkâra (false ego derived from being identified with the body, self-love, selfish individuality) .... these eight varieties of prakriti (material nature, causal matter, creation, nature) have produced the sthula sukshma prapancha, the gross and the subtle in creation. This is called aparâ prakriti. There is another prakriti distinct from this. That is known as parâprakriti. It is neither sthula nor sukshma; it is chaithanya (consciousness, intelligence), indwelling in the jîvî. The jagat (universe, cosmos, world of change, creation) itself is its aspiration.
*sthula: gross, material, superficial;
*sukshma: subtle, small, that which expands;
*prapancha: cosmos, created world, composed of the five elements.

      The Lord first created the gross world and then as jîva, He entered it and rendered it chith (consciousness, knowledge, awareness) by His chaithanya. This is declared clearly in de Vedas. You must consider this aparâ prakriti to be the sva-bhâva of Paramesvara (the Supersoul, the Absolute Master) and the parâ-prakriti to be His sva-rûpa. Dwell on the meaning of these, sva-bhâva and sva-rûpa and grasp it well. The gross is bound by the dictates of chaithanya, which is sarva-svathanthra, Complete Master, ever free.

Jîvî means that which assumes prâna (the life breath, the vital breath); the jîvî holds on to prâna, through his skill and intelligence. He is the antar-yamin (inner ruler or being that guides all creatures), who has penetrated into everything and who sustains everything. So the parâ-prakriti is just Paramâtmâ (the Supersoul) itself. All that becomes manifest with the same chaithanya has to be taken as one. - Gîtâ Vahini, pp. 92-3

Verse 6.

etad-yonîni bhûtâni
sarvânîty upadhâraya
aham kritsnasya jagatah
prabhavah pralayas tathâ

etat -- these two natures; yonîni -- whose source of birth; bhûtâni -- everything created; sarvâni -- all; iti -- thus; upadhâraya -- know; aham -- I; kritsnasya -- all-inclusive; jagatah -- of the world; prabhavah -- the source of manifestation; pralayah -- annihilation; tathâ -- as well as.

Verse 7.

mattah parataram nânyat
kiñcid asti dhanañjaya
mayi sarvam idam protam
sûtre mani-ganâ iva

mattah -- beyond Me; para-taram -- superior; na -- not; anyat kiñcit -- anything else; asti -- there is; dhanañjaya -- o conqueror of wealth; mayi -- in Me; sarvam -- all that be; idam -- which we see; protam -- is strung; sûtre -- on a thread; mani-ganâ -- pearls; iva -- like.

      "Arjuna! Note that there is nothing higher than Me in the world. All are strung in Me like flowers on a string ... jada (inanimate, lifeless, inert matter) and chaithanya (consciousness, intelligence) are the two essentials for the entire creation. They are the same as prakriti and purusha (perfect person, soul, self, indweller). The chaithanya s'akti (s'akti: strength, energy, power, might, ability) when it entertains the idea of bhoga (catering to the senses, eating, enjoyment), expresses the world out of its own sva-karma (own destiny or fate). The jada assumes the form of the deha (body). Both these are My Nature. The Îs'vara, who causes creation, preservation and dissolution through these, is I Myself, remember. There is no substance other than Me; there is no reality other than Me. I am the primal cause, the primal substance. 'I am One; let Me become Many': thus, I Myself resolved upon this expansion into manifoldness, called srishti (creation). That resolution affected and motivated the mâyâ-s'akti (power of illusion, the veiling and projecting power of God) and so the mahat-tattva ('the great principle, the principle of cosmic intelligence'; the complete of material nature in her original undifferentiated form) got produced. That was the first step in the evolution of prakriti." - Gîtâ Vahini, pp. 93

Verse 8.

raso 'ham apsu kaunteya
prabhâsmi s'as'i-sûryayoh
pranavah sarva-vedeshu
s'abdah khe paurusham nrishu

rasah -- taste; aham -- I; apsu -- in water; kaunteya -- o son of Kuntî; prabhâ -- the light; asmi -- I am; s'as'i-sûryayoh -- of the moon and the sun; pranavah -- the three letters a-u-m; sarva -- in all; vedeshu -- the Vedas; s'abdah -- sound vibration; khe -- in the ether; paurusham -- ability; nrishu -- in men.

      "Flowers cannot become a garland without the string; so, too, Brahman unites all jîvîs. You cannot separate the two in all substances; Brahman fills everything. The five elements are but its manifestations. It is the inner motive, unseen by those who look only at the surface. It is the antar-yamin (inner ruler or being that guides all creatures), in other words. That is why Krishna said, "I am the pranava (a-u-m, the sacred primordial sound principle) in the Vedas; I am sound in the âkâs'a (sky, space, ether); I am paurusham (ability, heroism, adventure and aspiration) in man." - Gîtâ Vahini, pp. 96

Verse 9.

punyo gandhah prithivyâm ca
tejas' câsmi vibhâvasau
jîvanam sarva-bhûteshu
tapas' câsmi tapasvishu

punyah -- original; gandhah -- fragrance; prithivyâm -- in the earth; ca -- also; tejah -- heat; ca -- also; asmi -- I am; vibhâvasau -- in the fire; jîvanam -- life; sarva -- in all; bhûteshu -- living entities; tapah -- penance; ca -- also; asmi -- I am; tapasvishu -- in those who practice penance.

Verse 10.

bîjam mâm sarva-bhûtânâm
viddhi pârtha sanâtanam
buddhir buddhimatâm asmi
tejas tejasvinâm aham

bîjam -- the seed; mâm -- Me; sarva-bhûtânâm -- of all living entities; viddhi -- try to understand; pârtha -- o son of Prithâ; sanâtanam -- ,original, eternal; buddhih -- intelligence; buddhi-matâm -- of the intelligent; asmi -- I am; tejah -- prowess; tejasvinâm -- of the powerful; aham -- I am.

      In the Gîtâ, the Lord has declared, bîjam mâm sarva-bhûtânâm, I am the seed of all beings. The tree is a broad spread of leaf and flower, fruit and green. It is a fanned out system of trunk, branches, twigs! All have grown out of one single small seed! And, every fruit of that tree has seeds of the same nature inside it! So too, contemplate for a while on the magnificent multitude of life, all its rich variety of strong and weak, prey and hunter, distressed and delighted, creeping, crawling, flying, floating, walking, hanging, burrowing, diving, swimming - all this uncountable variety of created beings have come out of the beejam (Lord) (bija/beeja: seed, germ, primary cause; mystical letter or syllable that forms the essential part of a mantra) and each of them has in its core, the beejam, again! (the Lord)! Visualize this immanent divinity; you become humble, wise and full of love. - Sathya Sai Speaks VII, p. 222

Verse 11.

balam balavatâm câham
kâma-râga-vivarjitam
dharmâviruddho bhûteshu
kâmo 'smi bharatarshabha

balam -- strength; balavatâm -- of the strong; ca -- and; aham -- I am; kâma -- passion; râga -- and attachment; vivarjitam -- devoid of; dharma-aviruddhah -- not against religious principles; bhûteshu -- in all beings; kâmah -- sex life; asmi -- I am; bharatarshabha -- o lord of the Bhâratas.

      "Arjuna! Many people anxious to offer uninterrupted worship to Me go into the thick forest. That is an insane step. There is no need to seek the jungle as if I am only there. There is no place where I am not; there is no form that is not Mine. I am the five elements: earth, water, fire, air, ether! Where can you find a place devoid of one or other of these five? To experience My Presence and My Glory, there is no special place, for I am everything, everywhere, ever. The fiery nature of fire, is I Myself. I am Life in all living beings, I am the strength of the strong, the strength that is free from greed and lust. Mine is the nature that prompts beings to desire dharmic things and means." - Gîtâ Vahini, p. 99

Verse 12.

ye caiva sâttvikâ bhâvâ
râjasâs tâmasâs' ca ye
matta eveti tân viddhi
na tv aham teshu te mayi

ye -- all which; ca -- and; eva -- certainly; sâttvikâh -- in goodness; bhâvâh -- states of being; râjasâh -- in the mode of passion; tâmasâh -- in the mode of ignorance; ca -- also; ye -- all which; mattah -- from Me; eva -- certainly; iti -- thus; tân -- those; viddhi -- try to know; na -- not; tu -- but; aham -- I; teshu -- in them; te -- they; mayi -- in Me.

       "... the objective world, with all its satvic, rajasic, tamasic things, reactions, impulses ... all originate in God. This conviction can grow in you and get firmly fixed only by reasoning it out and getting its truth affirmed."

The Lord Himself declared: "Arjuna! All this originated from Me, all this exists in Me, but I am not dependent on all this." - Gîtâ Vahini, p. 100-1

Verse 13.

tribhir guna-mayair bhâvair
ebhih sarvam idam jagat
mohitam nâbhijânâti
mâm ebhyah param avyayam

tribhih -- three; guna-mayaih -- consisting of the gunas; bhâvaih -- by the states of being; ebhih -- all these; sarvam -- whole; idam -- this; jagat -- universe; mohitam -- deluded; na abhijânâti -- does not know; mâm -- Me; ebhyah -- above these; param -- the Supreme; avyayam -- inexhaustible.

      Though gunas emanate from the Lord, He is unaffected; smoke arises from fire, but fire is unaffected. Clouds form in the sky and move about in the sky; but the sky is unaffected by them. All are attached to Him, the beads; but He is free, unattached. The universe is based on Him, but He has no need of the universe as base. - Gîtâ Vahini, p. 102-3

Verse 14.

daivî hy eshâ gunamayî
mama mâyâ duratyayâ
mâm eva ye prapadyante
mâyâm etâm taranti te

daivî -- transcendental; hi -- certainly; eshâ -- this; guna-mayî -- consisting of the three modes of material nature; mama -- My; mâyâ -- energy; duratyayâ -- very difficult to overcome; mâm -- unto Me; eva -- certainly; ye -- those who; prapadyante -- surrender; mâyâm etâm -- this illusory energy; taranti -- overcome; te -- they.

      For this question on faulty vision, Krishna had the answer. He said, "Listen, Arjuna! Between Me and this universe there moves mâyâ, called delusion. It is indeed a hard task for man to see beyond mâyâ, for mâyâ too is Mine. It is of the same substance; you cannot deem it separate from Me. It is My creation and under My control. It will turn, in a trice, even the mightiest among men head over heels! You might wonder why it is so difficult to overcome. Of course, it is by no means easy. Only those who are whole-heartedly attached to Me can conquer this. My mâyâ, Arjuna, do not take mâyâ to mean some ugly thing that has descended from somewhere else; it is an attribute of the mind; it makes you ignore the true and the eternal paramâtmâ and value instead the attributeful created manifold multiplicity of name and form. It causes the error of believing the body as the self, instead of the embodied (the deha instead of the dehi). Mâyâ is not something that was and will disappear; nor is it something that was not, but later came in and is. It never was, or is, or will be." - Gîtâ Vahini, p. 104-5

Verse 15.

na mâm dushkritino mûdhâh
prapadyante narâdhamâh
mâyayâpahrita-jñânâ
âsuram bhâvam âs'ritâh

na -- not; miam -- unto Me; dushkritinah -- miscreants; mûdhaâ -- foolish; prapadyante -- surrender; narâ-adhamâh -- lowest among mankind; mâyayâ -- by the illusory energy; apahrita -- stolen; jñânâh -- whose knowledge; âsuram -- demonic; bhâvam -- nature; âs'ritâh -- accepting.

       "All men do not get the inner prompting to conquer mâyâ, by surrendering their all to the Lord. It depends on merit or demerit, accumulated during many births. Those who have only demerit as their earnings will pursue the fleeting pleasures of the senses. Like the birds and the beasts, they revel in food and frolic; they take these as the purpose of life; they do not entertain any thoughts of God; they dislike the company of the virtuous and the good; they stray away from good acts; they become outlaws from the realm of God." - Gîtâ Vahini, p. 106-7

Verse 16.

catur-vidhâ bhajante mâm
janâh sukritino 'rjuna
ârto jijñâsur arthârthî
jñânî ca bharatarshabha

catuh-vidhâh -- four kinds of; bhajante -- render services; mâm -- unto Me; janâh -- persons; su-kritinah -- those who are pious; arjuna -- o Arjuna; ârtah -- the distressed; jijñâsuh -- the inquisitive; artha-arthî -- one who desires material gain; jñânî -- one who knows things as they are; ca -- also; bharata-rshabha -- o great one amongst the descendants of Bharata.

       "God is worshipped by four kinds of devotees; ârto (the distressed), arthârthî (the ones who desire material gain), jijñâsu (the inquisitive ones) and jñânî (the ones who know things as they are), God loves all of them. He grants them boons appropriate to their thoughts and attributes. - Summer Showers in Brindavan 1979, p. 66

       "Listen. Those who seek Me are of four types. One is always worn out by ills that affect the body; he is the ârta. Another is worried by the struggle for prosperity, power, self, property, posterity, etc. He is the arthârthî. A third yearns for the realization of the âtmâ, reads the scriptures and sacred texts, moves ever in the company of spiritual sadhakas, acts along the lines laid down by the sages of sadachara (good conduct), and is always motivated by the eagerness to reach the sannidhi (presence) of the Lord. He is the jijñâsu. The fourth is the jñânî. He is immersed in the Brahmathathwam (formless God, brahman principle). - Gîtâ Vahini, p. 62-3

Verse 17.

teshâm jñânî nitya-yukta
eka-bhaktir vis'ishyate
priyo hi jñânino' tyartham
aham sa ca mama priyah

teshâm -- out of them; jñânî -- one in full knowledge; nitya-yuktah -- always engaged; eka -- only; bhaktih -- in devotional service; vis'ishyate -- is special; priyah -- very dear; hi -- certainly; jñâninah -- to the person in knowledge; atyartham -- highly; aham -- I am; sah -- he; ca -- also; mama -- to Me; priyah -- dear.

       "The jñânî will not raise his eyes towards anything other than the Lord. Even if he does, he sees the Lord wherever his eyes are cast. That is the reason why the Lord has declared that the jñânî is the dearest to Him. - Gîtâ Vahini, p. 108

Verse 18.

udârâh sarva evaite
jñânî tv âtmaiva me matam
âsthitah sa hi yuktâtmâ
mâm evânuttamâm gatim

udârâh -- magnanimous; sarve -- all; eva -- certainly; ete -- these; jñânî -- one who is in knowledge; tu -- but; âtmâ eva- just like Myself; me -- My; matam -- opinion; âsthitah -- situated; sah -- he; hi -- certainly; yukta-âtmâ -- engaged in devotional service; mâm -- in Me; eva -- certainly; anuttamâm -- the highest; gatim -- destination.

       "A jñânî is the only individual who has reached the summit of spirituality. He has attained the acme of wisdom. He alone can reach and know God. It does not mean that the others cannot know God. They, too, can realize God if they dedicate all their actions to God in a spirit of self-abnegation. Killing of the lower self is more important than memorizing all the scriptures.

"This is the easiest path to God-realization. Every act should be treated as a sacrament. Meditation, yoga, and rites and rituals are no longer essential to the jñânî. His life and his actions are dedicated to God in complete self-surrender. He remains unattached to the fruits of his actions. - Summer Showerws in Brindavan 1979, p. 67.Gîtâ

Verse 19.

bahûnâm janmanâm ante
jñânavân mâm prapadyate
vâsudevah sarvam iti
sa mahâtmâ sudurlabhah

bahûnâm -- many; janmanâm -- repeated births and deaths; ante -- after; jñâna-vân -- one who is in full knowledge; mâm -- unto Me; prapadyate-- surrenders; vâsudevah -- the Personality of Godhead, Krishna; sarvam m-- everything; iti -- thus; sah -- that; mahâtmâ -- great soul; su-durlabhah -- very rare to see.

      "The bhakta must be convinced that all this is Vâsudeva, "vâsudeva sarvam-idam". That is to say, one's own âtmâ is everywhere in everything; this truth must be realized, acted upon and experienced. Hating another is hating oneself; scorning another is but scorning oneself; finding fault with another fault with oneself. - Gîtâ Vahini, p. 187-8

      "vâsudevah sarvam iti (All this is God, Vâsudeva). The divine principle that is in every one is like the electric current that illuminates the bulbs, before Me here, of different colors and different candle powers. The same God shines in and through every one, whatever be the creed, color, tribe or territory. The current animates and activates all bulbs; the divine animates and activates all. Those who see difference are deluded; they are befogged by prejudice, egoism, hatred or malice. Love sees all as one divine family. - Sathya Sai Speaks V, pp. 224-5

Verse 20.

kâmais tais tair hrita-jñânâh
prapadyante 'nya-devatâh
tam tam niyamam âsthâya
prakrityâ niyatâh svayâ

kamaih -- by desires; taih taih -- various; hrita -- deprived of; jñânâh -- knowledge; prapadyante -- surrender; anya -- to other; devatâh -- demigods; tam tam -- corresponding; niyamam -- regulations; âsthâya -- following; prakrityâ -- by nature; niyatâh -- controlled; svayâ -- by their own.

Verse 21.

yo yo yâm yâm tanum bhaktah
s'raddhayârcitum icchati
tasya tasyâcalâm s'raddhâm
tâm eva vidadhâmy aham

yah yah -- whoever; yâm yâm -- whichever; tanum -- form of a demigod; bhaktah -- devotee; s'raddhayâ -- with faith; arcitum -- to worship; icchati -- desires; tasya tasya -- to him; acalâm -- steady; s'raddhâm -- faith; tam -- that; eva -- surely; vidadhâmi -- give; aham -- I.

 Verse 22.

sa tayâ s'raddhayâ yuktas
tasyârâdhanam îhate
labhate ca tatah kâmân
mayaiva vihitân hi tân

sah -- he; tayâ -- with that; s'raddhayâ -- inspiration; yuktah -- endowed; tasya -- of that demigod; ârâdhanam -- for the worship; îhate -- he aspires; labhate -- obtains; ca -- and; tatah -- from that; kâmân -- his desires; mâyâ -- by Me; eva -- alone; vihitân -- arranged; hi -- certainly; tân -- those.

Verse 23.

ntavat tu phalam teshâm
tad bhavaty alpa-medhasâm
devân deva-yajo yânti
mad-bhaktâ yânti mâm api

anta-vat -- perishable; tu -- but; phalam -- fruit; teshâm -- their; tat -- that; bhavati -- becomes; alpa-medhasâm -- of those of small intelligence; devân -- to the demigods; deva-yajah -- the worshipers of the demigods; yânti -- go; mat -- My; bhaktâh -- devotees; yânti -- go; mâm -- to Me; api -- also.

       "Only those prayers that have their origins in the spirit of nishkama karma, infinite and pure love, and an unsullied heart reach the Lord directly. It is not possible for prayers of any other kind to reach Him directly. Therefore, it is only through these three media, that is, nish-kama-karma (renunciation of the fruit of action), boundless love and an unsullied heart, that we can hope to secure direct contact with the Lord and obtain His divine sanction to our request. - Summer Showers in Brindavan 1979, p. 8

Verse 24.

avyaktam vyaktim âpannam
manyante mâm abuddhayah
param bhâvam ajânanto
mamâvyayam anuttamam

avyaktam -- nonmanifested; vyaktim -- personality; âpannam -- achieved; manyante -- think; mâm -- Me; abuddhayah -- less intelligent persons; param -- supreme; bhâvam -- existence; ajânantah -- without knowing; mama -- My; avyayam -- imperishable; anuttamam -- the finest.

Verse 25.

nâham prakâs'ah sarvasya
yoga-mâyâ-samâvritah
mûdho 'yam nâbhijânâti
loko mâm ajam avyayam

na -- nor; aham -- I; prakâsah -- manifest; sarvasya -- to everyone; yoga-mâyâ -- by internal potency; samâvritah -- covered; mûdhah -- foolish; ayam -- these; na -- not; abhijânâti -- can understand; lokah -- persons; mâm -- Me; ajam -- unborn; avyayam -- inexhaustible.

       "Just as there is divine nature behind the phenomenal nature, there is also the divine mind behind the phenomenal mind. True spirituality lies in the recognition and apprehension of the Divinity underlying the phenomenal world of mind and matter. - Summer Showers in Brindavan 1979, p. 122

Verse 26.

vedâham samatîtâni
vartamânâni cârjuna
bhavishyâni ca bhûtâni
mâm tu veda na kas'cana

veda -- know; aham -- I; samatîtâni -- completely past; vartamânâni -- present; ca -- and; arjuna -- o Arjuna; bhavishyâni -- future; ca -- also; bhûtâni -- all living entities; mâm -- Me; tu -- but; veda -- knows; na -- not; kas'cana -- anyone.

Verse 27.

icchâ-dvesha samutthena
dvandva-mohena bhârata
sarva-bhûtâni sammoham
sarge yânti parantapa

icchâ -- desire; dvesha -- and hate; samutthena -- arisen from; dvandva -- of duality; mohena -- by the illusion; bhârata -- o scion of Bharata; sarva -- all; bhûtâni -- living entities; sammoham -- into delusion; sarge -- while taking birth; yânti -- go; parantapa -- o conqueror of enemies.

Verse 28.

yeshâm tv anta-gatam pâpam
janânâm punya-karmanâm
te dvandva-moha-nirmuktâ
bhajante mâm dridha-vratâh

yeshâm -- whose; tu -- but; anta-gatam -- completely eradicated; pâpam -- sin; janânâm -- of the persons; punya -- pious; karmanâm -- whose previous activities; te -- they; dvandva -- of duality; moha -- delusion; nirmuktâh -- free from; bhajante -- engage in devotional service; mâm -- to Me; dridha-vratâh -- with determination.

       "This is the meaning of what is called âtmâ-samyama, the control of the senses, detachment from the outer sensory world, the withdrawal of the mind from the outer world. This is the goal of all life; knowing the paramâtmâ, attaining liberation. There can be no second aim for man. Man is endowed with life, not as a means for building bungalows, the acquisition of estates, the accumulation of wealth, the addition of progeny, the earning of titles or ascent into higher rangs of social life. His greatness does not depend on these. The chiefest success in life lies in the winning of permanent bliss, permanent escape from grief and agitation. - Gîtâ Vahini, p. 115

Verse 29.

jarâ-marana-mokshâya
mâm âs'ritya yatanti ye
te brahma tad viduh kritsnam
adhyâtmam karma câkhilam

jarâ -- from old age; marana -- and death; mokshâya -- for the purpose of liberation; mâm -- Me; âs'ritya -- taking shelter of; yatanti -- endeavor; ye -- all those who; te -- such persons; brahma -- Brahman; tat -- actually that; viduh -- they know; kritsnam -- everything; adhyâtmam -- transcendental; karma -- activities; ca -- also; akhilam -- entirely.

      "Arjuna! Everyone is anxious to avoid old age and death; it is human nature so to be anxious. But of what avail is mere anxiety? One's conduct and behavior should be in accordance with one's objective. If one has sincere yearning and if one places full trust and faithfully surrenders to the Lord, the fog of grief will be dispensed by the rays of His grace. If on the other hand one places his trust on the objects of this world, the consequent grief will never end; nor can they be ended by any other than the Lord. Serve the Master of mâyâ, the designer of all this dreamland, rather than the dream itself. How can attachment to delusion yield anything but disappointment. How can joy be won by such pursuits? If joy is not won and grief avoided, how can liberation be achieved!" Krishna asked. - Gîtâ Vahini, p. 116

 Verse 30.

sâdhibhûtâdhidaivam mâm
sâdhiyajñam ca ye viduh
prayâna-kâle 'pi ca mâm
te vidur yukta-cetasah

sa-adhibhûta -- and the governing principle of the material manifestation; adhidaivam -- governing all the demigods; mâm -- Me; sa-adhiyajñam -- and governing all sacrifices; ca -- also; ye -- those who; viduh -- know; prayâna -- of death; kâle -- at the time; api -- even; ca -- and; mâm -- Me; te -- they; viduh -- know; yukta-cetasah -- their minds engaged in Me.

      "I am master of adhibhûta, adhidaiva and âdhiyajña, and if I am thus worshipped, the worshipper will evelop equanimity and full control of the vagaries of the mind. Besides, such a person will dwell on Me, without forgetting Me even in his last moments. For that reason, he will reach Me too. That is to say, he will merge in Me." - Gîtâ Vahini, p. 115-6

* Adhi: a prefix to verbs and nouns, expresses above, over and above, besides.
* Adhibhûtam: material nature.
* Adhidaivatam: the universal form of the Lord called adhidaiva (see
B.G. 8.4)
* Adhidaivika, adhyâtmika, adhibhautika kles'as: hindrances stemming from resp. nature, oneself and others, (kles'as: obstacle of a mental or emotional nature on the path of selfrealization).

 

 

 

    

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